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KMID : 0378019710140020095
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New Medical Journal
1971 Volume.14 No. 2 p.95 ~ p.110
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A Comparative Study of Nap and "Electro-Sleep"
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Lee Si-Hyung
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Abstract
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"Insomnia" has long been a problem in the human, and various ways of treatment have been applied for this problem.
In the past two decades, growing interest has been focused on the artificial induction of sleep by electric stimulation of the brain "Electrosleep. "
Reviewing the literature on the induction of sleep by the electrical stimulation of the human brain, history of "Eloctronarcotic phenomenon" traces far back to early 19th Centry. In 1836, the Russian physiologist A. W. Filomafitcky was the first one who began to study on the response of the human central nervous system to the electric current, showing the inhibitory effect of the electric current on the nervous system (Obrosow 1967). But most authors cite Mach´s work on fish in 1875 was the begin￢ning of the "Electronarcosis" (Lewis 1966).
The term "Electrosleep" was introduced for the first time by Giljarowski et al, in a mon￢ograph first published in Moscow n 1953, and since then, there has been abundant research works on the subject which claim the induction of sleep by electrical stimulation of the brain on the human and its usage in the clinical
setting: For this purpose, various machines have been devised and introduced as so called
"Sleep machines. " Thus Obrosow (1967) sum￢
marized that the ability of pulsating current in obtaining a sleep depends in part on (1) the environment in which the current is applied; (2) the characteristic of the current; a) dire￢ction, b) frequency (minimum 1 to maximum 135 c/s), c) duration (minimum 0. 1 to maximum 1.4 m/s), d) wave form (rectangular, square, trapezoid, or bell shape), e) the pulse strength (minimum 0. 1 to maximum 28 m. A. ); (3) the electrode placement; (4) the duration of the session; (5) the frequency of treatment repetition. However, there has been no general agreement on the optimal conditions, as widely ranged as listed above, to obtain the best result. So is the mechanism of the induced sleep by electric current, since the theories of sleep vary widely. Originally, the Russians based the method of electrosleep on Pavlovian condi￢tioning theory; that is, the concept of protective inhibition and hindrance, which states that when faced with exhausting overstimulation, the organism can react with hindrance ; this can exist in a single cell, or radiate over the entire brain. In its fullest state, hindrance is seen as a natural sleep (Giljarowski 1953, Wageneder 1965).
More than 500,000 Russians reportedly have been treated with ´Electrosleep" at more than 30 "Sleep Stations" (Snyder 1967), and Wag￢eneder et al (1665), in their review articles, showed russians claim that "Electrosleep"
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